Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, which causes septicaemia and necrosis in salmonids4 . Although furunculosis is an important issue in aquaculture, the genomic diversity among strains of this bacterium remains to be analyzed in details. Previous studies, focusing on plasmid composition and PFGE patterns, showed that “typical” A. salmonicida strains are genetically homogenous1 3. However, it does not explain the variation in virulence among strains. A. salmonicida “typical” strain A449 have been fully sequenced in 20085. Unfortunately, this strain is not virulent when assayed in the infection model of the alternative host Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba2. Thus, sequencing of highly virulent A. salmomicida strains should allow the identification of new genetic elements associated with the pathogenesis of these bacteria. Whole genome sequencing of two virulent strains, 01-B526 (Province of Quebec, Canada) and JF2267 (Switzerland), was performed by Roche/454 pyrosequencing method. A supplementary 51 kb element was identified in strain 01-B526. This phage-like element, hence named phiAS526, may contain potential virulence factors. At least one segment of phiAS526 is widespread among A. salmonicida strains while another portion seems specifically found in strains in Province of Québec. Moreover, an additional 6 kb element was present in strain JF2267. This element contains genes related to pilus assembly. Thus, next generation sequencing brings light on A. salmonicida genetic diversity and quickens research on this ichtyopathogen as demonstrated by the discovery of two new genetic elements potentially involved in bacterial virulence in the current study.